SCIENCE AND SANITY

An Introduction To Non-aristotelian Systems And General Semantics online book.

By Alfred Korzybski Circa, 1933



About This Book
Permission is hereby granted to share electronic and hard copy versions of this text with individuals under circumstances in which no direct payment is made by those to whom the text is given for the text itself, the volume or other medium or online service in which it is included, tuition or other payment for the course or seminar, and so forth. This notice must remain a part of the text. Any other use is reserved to the European Society for General Semantics and requires prior permission. For further information, e-mail the ESGS.

Unlike most philosophy, Korzybsk gives us lots of real methods and practices to improve our thinking. He lays out in great detail the errors we have inherited from earlier systems and how we can overcome them. Korzybski's work has probably been a significant part of the inspiration behind several later self-help systems.

This online book was produced by scanning and OCRing, a sadly imperfect process, so please excuse the few errors and weirdnesses.
SCIENCE AND SANITY, Contents list
Deduct 200 from the numbers show(for main section of book) to get the original page numbers.
Fifth Edition Title Page - 0001
Page - 0002
Page - 0003
Page - 0004
Page - 0005
International Non-Aristotelian Library - 0006
Title Page - 0007
Copyright Notices - 0008
Acknowledgement of other authors - 0009
Page - 0010
Contents - 0011
Page - 0012
Page - 0013
Page - 0014
Page - 0015
A NOTE ON ERRATA - 0016
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION 1993 by ROBERT P. PULA - 0017
Page - 0018
Page - 0019
Page - 0020
Page - 0021
Page - 0022
Page - 0023
Page - 0024
Page - 0025
Page - 0026
"PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION 1958 by RUSSELL MEYERS, M.I" - 0027
Page - 0028
Page - 0029
Page - 0030
Page - 0031
Page - 0032
"BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE, 1958" - 0033
Page - 0034
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION 1948 - 0035
Page - 0036
Page - 0037
Page - 0038
Page - 0039
Recent Developments and the Founding of the Institute of General Semantics - 0040
Page - 0041
Some Difficulties to be Surmounted, ATTITUDES OF 'PHILOSOPHERS - 0042
Page - 0043
Page - 0044
PERPLEXITIES IN THEORIES OF 'MEANING' - 0045
Page - 0046
Page - 0047
INADEQUACY OF FORMS OF REPRESENTATION AND THEIR STRUCTURAL REVISION - 0048
IDENTIFICATIONS AND MIS-EVALUATIONS - 0049
Page - 0050
METHODS OF THE MAGICIAN, Revolutions and Evolutions - 0051
Page - 0052
Page - 0053
Page - 0054
A Non-aristotelian Revision (Tabulated) - 0055
Page - 0056
Page - 0057
Page - 0058
Page - 0059
Non-aristotelian Methods, NEUROLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF EXTENSIONALIZATION - 0060
Page - 0061
NEURO-SEMANTIC RELAXATION - 0062
EXTENSIONAL DEVICES AND SOME APPLICATIONS - 0063
Page - 0064
IMPLICATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE - 0065
Page - 0066
Defined Terms - 0067
Page - 0068
Page - 0069
Page - 0070
Page - 0071
The Passing of the Old Aristotelian Epoch - 0072
Page - 0073
WARS OF AND ON NERVES - 0074
Page - 0075
HITLER AND PSYCHO-LOGICAL FACTORS IN HIS LIFE - 0076
Page - 0077
EDUCATION FOR INTELLIGENCE AND DEMOCRACY - 0078
Page - 0079
Constructive Suggestions - 0080
Page - 0081
Page - 0082
Conclusion - 0083
Page - 0084
Page - 0085
Supplementary bibliography - 0086
Page - 0087
Page - 0088
Page - 0089
Page - 0090
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 1933 - 0091
Page - 0092
Page - 0093
Page - 0094
Page - 0095
Page - 0096
Page - 0097
Page - 0098
Page - 0099
Page - 0100
Page - 0101
Page - 0102
Acknowledgements - 0103
Page - 0104
A GENERAL SURVEY OF NON-ARISTOTELIAN FACTORS - 0201
Page - 0202
Page - 0203
Page - 0204
Page - 0205
Page - 0206
"Aims, Means and Consequences of a Non-aristotelian Revision" - 0207
Page - 0208
Page - 0209
Page - 0210
Page - 0211
Page - 0212
Page - 0213
Page - 0214
Page - 0215
Page - 0216
Page - 0217
Page - 0218
Terminology and Meanings section, On Semantic Reactions - 0219
Page - 0220
Page - 0221
Page - 0222
Page - 0223
Page - 0224
Page - 0225
Page - 0226
Page - 0227
Page - 0228
Page - 0229
Page - 0230
Page - 0231
Page - 0232
Page - 0233
B. On the Unspeakable Objective Level - 0234
Page - 0235
C. On 'Copying' in our Nervous Reactions - 0236
Page - 0237
Introduction PARTE GENERAL ON STRUCTURE - 0238
Page - 0239
Page - 0240
Page - 0241
Page - 0242
Page - 0243
Page - 0244
Page - 0245
Page - 0246
Page - 0247
Page - 0248
Page - 0249
Page - 0250
Page - 0251
Page - 0252
Page - 0253
On Structure - 0255
Page - 0256
Page - 0257
Page - 0258
Page - 0259
Page - 0260
Page - 0261
Page - 0262
Page - 0263
Page - 0264
Page - 0265
General Linguistic - 0266
Page - 0267
Page - 0268
Page - 0269
Page - 0270
Page - 0271
Page - 0272
Page - 0273
Page - 0274
Page - 0275
On Symbolism - 0276
Page - 0277
Page - 0278
Page - 0279
Page - 0280
Page - 0281
Page - 0282
Page - 0283
Page - 0284
Linguistic Revision NON-ELEMENTALISTIC STRUCTURES - 0285
Page - 0286
Page - 0287
Page - 0288
Page - 0289
Page - 0290
Page - 0291
Page - 0292
Page - 0293
Page - 0294
Page - 0295
Page - 0296
Page - 0297
Page - 0298
Page - 0299
General Epistemological - 0301
Page - 0302
Page - 0303
Page - 0304
Page - 0305
Page - 0306
Page - 0307
Page - 0308
Page - 0309
Page - 0310
Colloidal Behaviour - 0311
Page - 0312
Page - 0313
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Page - 0315
Page - 0316
Page - 0317
Page - 0318
Page - 0319
Page - 0320
Page - 0321
Page - 0322
The 'Organism-As-A-Whole', Illustrations from Biology - 0323
Page - 0324
Page - 0325
B. Illustrations from Nutrition Experiments - 0326
Page - 0327
C. Illustrations from 'Mental' and Nervous Diseases - 0328
Page - 0329
Page - 0330
Page - 0331
On Function - 0333
Page - 0334
Page - 0335
Page - 0336
Page - 0337
Page - 0338
Page - 0339
Page - 0340
Page - 0341
Page - 0342
Page - 0343
Page - 0344
Page - 0345
Page - 0346
Page - 0347
Page - 0348
Page - 0349
Page - 0350
On Order SECTION - 0351
A. Undefined Terms - 0352
Page - 0353
Page - 0354
Page - 0355
Page - 0356
B. Order and the Nervous System - 0357
Page - 0358
Page - 0359
Page - 0360
"C. Structure, Relations, and Multi-dimensional Order" - 0361
Page - 0362
Page - 0363
Page - 0364
Page - 0365
Page - 0366
Page - 0367
Page - 0368
Page - 0369
Page - 0370
D. Order and the Problems of Extension and Intension - 0371
Page - 0372
Page - 0373
Page - 0374
Page - 0375
Page - 0376
Page - 0377
Page - 0378
Page - 0379
Page - 0380
Page - 0381
Page - 0382
Page - 0383
Page - 0384
Page - 0385
Page - 0386
Page - 0387
"On Relations ," - 0388
Page - 0389
Page - 0390
Page - 0391
Page - 0392
Page - 0393
Page - 0394
Page - 0395
Page - 0396
Page - 0397
Page - 0398
Page - 0399
Page - 0400
Page - 0401
Page - 0402
Page - 0403
On the Notion of Infinity - 0404
Page - 0405
Page - 0406
Page - 0407
Page - 0408
Page - 0409
Page - 0410
Page - 0411
Page - 0412
Page - 0413
The 'Infinitesimal' and 'Cause and Effect' - 0414
Page - 0415
Page - 0416
Page - 0417
Page - 0418
Page - 0419
On the Existence of Relations - 0420
Page - 0421
Page - 0422
"On the Notions of 'Matter', 'Space', 'Time' section" - 0423
A. Structural Considerations - 0424
Page - 0425
Page - 0426
Page - 0427
Page - 0428
Page - 0429
Page - 0430
Page - 0431
Page - 0432
Page - 0433
Page - 0434
B. The Neurological Function of Abstracting - 0435
Page - 0436
Page - 0437
Page - 0438
C. Problems of Adjustment - 0439
Page - 0440
D. Semantic Considerations - 0441
Page - 0442
Page - 0443
Page - 0444
Page - 0445
Mathematics as a Language of a Structure Similar to the Structure of the World - 0447
Page - 0448
Page - 0449
Page - 0450
Page - 0451
Page - 0452
Page - 0453
Page - 0454
Page - 0455
Page - 0456
Page - 0457
Page - 0458
Page - 0459
Page - 0460
Page - 0461
Page - 0462
Page - 0463
Page - 0464
Page - 0465
Page - 0466
Page - 0467
Mathematics as a Language of a Structure Similar to the Structure of the Human Nervous System - 0468
Page - 0469
Page - 0470
Page - 0471
Page - 0472
Page - 0473
Page - 0474
B. General - 0475
Page - 0476
Page - 0477
Page - 0478
Page - 0479
The Psycho-logical Importance of the Theory of Aggregates and the Theory of Groups - 0480
Page - 0481
Page - 0482
Page - 0483
Page - 0484
Page - 0485
Page - 0486
Similarity in Structure of Mathematics and the Human Nervous System - 0487
Page - 0488
Page - 0489
Page - 0490
Page - 0491
Page - 0492
Page - 0493
Page - 0494
Page - 0495
Page - 0496
Page - 0497
Page - 0498
Page - 0499
Page - 0500
Page - 0501
Page - 0502
Page - 0503
Page - 0504
Page - 0505
Page - 0506
Page - 0507
Page - 0508
Page - 0509
Page - 0510
Page - 0511
Page - 0512
"ON THE FOUNDATION OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, General Considerations ." - 0515
Page - 0516
Page - 0517
Page - 0518
Page - 0519
Page - 0520
Page - 0521
Page - 0522
Page - 0523
Page - 0524
Page - 0525
On conditional Reflexes - 0526
Page - 0527
Page - 0528
Page - 0529
Page - 0530
Page - 0531
Page - 0532
Page - 0533
Page - 0534
Page - 0535
Page - 0536
Page - 0537
Page - 0538
Page - 0539
Page - 0540
On 'Inhibition' - 0541
Page - 0542
Page - 0543
Page - 0544
Page - 0545
Page - 0546
Page - 0547
Page - 0548
Page - 0549
Page - 0550
Page - 0551
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Page - 0556
Page - 0557

On Conditional Reactions of Higher Orders and Psychiatry BOOK II - 0558
Page - 0559
Page - 0560
Page - 0561
Page - 0562
Page - 0563
Page - 0564
Page - 0565
Page - 0567
Page - 0568
Page - 0569
"ON THE MECHANISM OF TIME-BINDING, On Abstracting" - 0571
Page - 0572
Page - 0573
Page - 0574
Page - 0575
Page - 0576
Page - 0577
Page - 0578
Page - 0579
Page - 0580
Page - 0581
Page - 0582
Page - 0583
Page - 0584
Page - 0585
On The Structural Differential - 0586
Page - 0587
Page - 0588
Page - 0589
Page - 0590
Page - 0591
Page - 0592
Page - 0593
Page - 0594
Page - 0595
Page - 0596
Page - 0597
Page - 0598
Page - 0599
Page - 0600
Page - 0601
Page - 0602
Page - 0603
Page - 0604
Page - 0605
Page - 0606
Page - 0607
Page - 0608
Page - 0609
Page - 0610
Page - 0611
On 'Consciousness' and Consciousness of Abstracting - 0612
Page - 0613
Page - 0614
Page - 0615
Page - 0616
Page - 0617
Page - 0618
Page - 0619
Page - 0620
Page - 0621
Page - 0622
Page - 0623
Page - 0624
Page - 0625
Higher Order Abstractions - 0626
Page - 0627
Page - 0628
Page - 0629
Page - 0630
Page - 0631
Page - 0632
Multiordinal Terms - 0633
Page - 0634
Page - 0635
Page - 0636
Page - 0637
Page - 0638
Page - 0639
Page - 0640
Page - 0641
Page - 0642
Confusion of Higher Orders of Abstractions - 0643
Page - 0644
Page - 0645
Page - 0646
Page - 0647
Page - 0648
Page - 0649
Page - 0650
Page - 0651
On the Mechanism of Identification and Visualization - 0652
Page - 0653
Page - 0654
Page - 0655
Page - 0656
Page - 0657
Page - 0658
Page - 0659
Page - 0660
Page - 0661
Page - 0662
Page - 0663
Page - 0664
Page - 0665
Page - 0666
Page - 0667
Page - 0668
On Non-aristotelian Training - 0669
Page - 0670
Page - 0671
Page - 0672
Page - 0673
Page - 0674
Page - 0675
Page - 0676
Page - 0677
Page - 0678
Page - 0679
Page - 0680
Page - 0681
Page - 0682
Page - 0683
Page - 0684
Page - 0685
Page - 0686
Page - 0687
Page - 0688
Page - 0689
Page - 0690
"Identification, Infantilism, and Un-sanity versus Sanity section" - 0691
Page - 0692
Page - 0693
Page - 0694
Page - 0695
Page - 0696
Page - 0697
Page - 0698
Consciousness of Abstracting - 0699
Page - 0700
Page - 0701
Page - 0702
Page - 0703
Page - 0704
Page - 0705
Page - 0706
Page - 0707
C. Infantilism - 0708
Page - 0709
Page - 0710
Page - 0711
Page - 0712
Page - 0713
Page - 0714
Page - 0715
Page - 0716
Page - 0717
Page - 0718
Page - 0719
Page - 0720
Page - 0721
Page - 0722
Page - 0723
Page - 0724
Page - 0725
D. Constructive Suggestions - 0726
Page - 0727
Page - 0728
Page - 0729
Page - 0730
Page - 0731
Page - 0732
Page - 0733
Page - 0734
Page - 0735
Page - 0736
Concluding Remarks BOOK III - 0737
Page - 0738
Page - 0739
Page - 0740
Page - 0741
Page - 0742
Page - 0743
Page - 0744
Page - 0745
Page - 0746
Page - 0747
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Page - 0752
Page - 0753
Page - 0754
Page - 0755
Page - 0756
Page - 0757
Page - 0758
Page - 0759
Page - 0760
Page - 0761
Page - 0762
ADDITIONAL STRUCTURAL DATA ABOUT LANGUAGES AND THE EMPIRICAL WORLD - 0765
Page - 0766
Page - 0767
Page - 0768
Page - 0769
Page - 0770
"ON THE STRUCTURE OF MATHEMATICS,On the Semantics of the Differential Calculus" - 0773
"B. On the Differential Calculus, General Considerations" - 0774
Page - 0775
Page - 0776
Page - 0777
Page - 0778
Page - 0779
Page - 0780
Page - 0781
Page - 0782
Page - 0783
Page - 0784
Page - 0785
Page - 0786
Page - 0787
2. Maxima and Minima - 0788
Page - 0789
3. Curvature - 0790
4. Velocity . - 0791
C. On the Integral Calculus - 0792
Page - 0793
"D. Further Applications, Partial Differentiation" - 0794
2. Differential Equations . - 0795
3. Methods of Approximation - 0796
4. Periodic Functions and Waves - 0797
Page - 0798
Page - 0799
Page - 0800
Page - 0801
Page - 0802
On Linearity - 0803
Page - 0804
Page - 0805
Page - 0806
Page - 0807
Page - 0808
Page - 0809
Page - 0810
Page - 0811
Page - 0812
Page - 0813
Page - 0814
"On Geometry section, Introductory" - 0815
Page - 0816
Page - 0817
Page - 0818
Page - 0819
Page - 0820
B. On the Notions of the 'Internal Theory of Surfaces' - 0821
Page - 0822
Page - 0823
Page - 0824
Page - 0825
C. Space-Time - 0826
Page - 0827
Page - 0828
Page - 0829
D. The Application of Geometrical Notions to Cerebral Localization - 0830
Page - 0831
Page - 0832
Page - 0833
Page - 0835
"ON THE SIMILARITY OF EMPIRICAL AND VERBAL STRUCTURES, Action by Contact" - 0837
Page - 0838
Page - 0839
Page - 0840
Page - 0841
Page - 0842
Page - 0843
Page - 0844
Page - 0845
Page - 0846
Page - 0847
On the Semantics of the Einstein Theory - 0848
Page - 0849
Page - 0850
Page - 0851
Page - 0852
Page - 0853
Page - 0854
Page - 0855
Page - 0856
Page - 0857
Page - 0858
On the Notion of 'Simultaneity' - 0859
Page - 0860
Page - 0861
Page - 0862
Page - 0863
Page - 0864
On the 'World' of Minkowski - 0865
Page - 0866
Page - 0867
Page - 0868
Page - 0869
Page - 0870
Page - 0871
Page - 0872
"General Reflections on the Einstein Theory, ON THE STRUCTURE OF 'MATTER'" - 0873
Page - 0874
Page - 0875
Page - 0876
Page - 0877
Page - 0878
Page - 0879
Page - 0880
Page - 0881
Page - 0882
The Older 'Matter' - 0885
Page - 0886
Page - 0887
Page - 0888
Page - 0889
Page - 0890
Page - 0891
Page - 0892
Page - 0893
Page - 0894
Page - 0895
Page - 0896
Page - 0897
The Newer ' Matter' - 0898
Page - 0899
"The Newer ' Matter' , Introduction" - 0900
Page - 0901
"Introductory, The Nature of the Problem" - 0902
Page - 0903
Page - 0904
Matrices - 0905
Page - 0906
Page - 0907
Page - 0908
Page - 0909
Page - 0910
D. The Operator Calculus - 0911
Page - 0912
Page - 0913
E. The New Quantum Mechanics - 0914
Page - 0915
Page - 0916
Page - 0917
Page - 0918
Page - 0919
F. The Wave Mechanics - 0920
Page - 0921
Page - 0922
Page - 0923
G. Structural Aspects of the New Theories - 0924
Page - 0925
Page - 0926
Page - 0927
Page - 0928
The Logic of Relativity. By R.D. Carmichael - 0929
Page - 0930
Page - 0931
Page - 0932
Page - 0933
Page - 0934
Page - 0935
Page - 0936
The Theory of Types. By Paul Weiss - 0937
Page - 0938
Page - 0939
Page - 0940
Page - 0941
Page - 0942
Page - 0943
Page - 0944
Page - 0945
Page - 0946
"A Non-Aristotelian System and Its Necessity for Rigour in Mathematics, and Physics." - 0947
Page - 0948
Page - 0949
Page - 0950
Page - 0951
Page - 0952
Page - 0953
Page - 0954
Page - 0955
Page - 0956
Page - 0957
Page - 0958
Page - 0959
Page - 0960
Page - 0961
Page - 0962
NOTES - 0964
Page - 0965
BIBLIOGRAPHY - 0967
Page - 0968
Page - 0969
Page - 0970
Page - 0971
Page - 0972
Page - 0973
Page - 0974
Page - 0975
Page - 0976
Page - 0977
Page - 0978
Page - 0979
Page - 0980
Page - 0981
Page - 0982
SCIENTIFIC OPINIONS ABOUT THE FIRST EDITION - 0984
Page - 0985
Page - 0986
Page - 0987
Page - 0988
Page - 0989
Page - 0990
INDEX - 0991
Page - 0992
Page - 0993
Page - 0994
Page - 0995
Page - 0996
Page - 0997
Page - 0998
Page - 0999
Page - 1000
Page - 1001
Page - 1002
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Page - 1006
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Page - 1010
Page - 1011
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Page - 1016
Page - 1017
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Page - 1019
Page - 1020
Page - 1021
Page - 1022
Page - 1023
INDEX OF DIAGRAMS - 1024
Page - 1025